An international research team led by Loughborough University has developed 'transneuron,' a single artificial neuron capable of mimicking multiple brain regions. Conventional artificial neurons can each perform only one fixed role, requiring thousands to be combined to reproduce even simple brain functions. However, transneuron can switch between roles associated with different brain cells involved in visual processing, motor control, and action preparation simply by adjusting its electrical settings. Comparing the results with electrical pulses recorded from actual macaque monkey brain cells, the research team successfully reproduced the pulse patterns of three brain regions with 70-100% accuracy. The core of transneuron is a nanoscale device called a 'memristor.' It physically changes when electricity flows through it, allowing it to 'remember' past signals and regulate responses, similar to how brain cells learn. Inside the memristor, silver atoms move, forming and breaking tiny bridges, which generate small electrical pulses. Environmental changes such as temperature, voltage, and resistance alter the pulse behavior, enabling transneuron to function like different parts of the brain without software control. The research team proved that transneuron not only mimics neuronal behavior but actually computes like brain cells. This technology could form the basis for developing robotic nervous systems. By integrating multiple transneurons into an interconnected network, it is possible to create a 'brain cortex on a chip' capable of perception, learning, and control. This would provide robots with an artificial nervous system that can sense, adapt, and react to the world like living organisms. Professor Joshua Yang of USC stated, "Such systems can enable robots to learn more efficiently with less energy, time, and data, and support lifelong learning, adapting seamlessly when encountering new experiences." Dr. Pavel Borisov of Loughborough University added, "This device could someday be used to communicate with and listen to the human central nervous system, or to replace or supplement specific areas of the brain."